The causes of asthma are unknown, but it is most probably due to either genetic or environmental factors. Certain factors are known to trigger asthmatic symptoms they are:

• Allergens like dust mites, animal dander, pollen, molds, cigarette smoke, chemical pollutants, and cold air
• Sinusitis
• Extreme emotional responses and physical exercise
• Medications like aspirin, beta-blockers or NSAIDs
• Gastro esophageal reflux disease
• Other factors like dietary insufficiencies in vitamins C and E, and omega-3 fatty acids
• Foods with sulfites and preservatives may also trigger symptoms

Few factors are associated with the development of asthma, they are

• Motherhood at a young age
• Poor maternal nutrition
• Lack of breastfeeding
• Premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Smoking
• Overweight

While there is no prevention for asthma, the symptoms and asthma attacks can be managed through regular monitoring and treatment.

• Identify and avoid the triggers - triggers could be exercise, certain foods, pollen
• Follow medication as prescribed
• Learn proper use of inhalers - including cleaning the inhalers
• Carry the inhalers and medicines to workplace/while travelling, to get an immediate relief during the attack
• Monitor your breathing often. If you suspect breathing difficulty, wheezing or cough, it is recommended to see the doctor

Uncontrolled long term asthma may lead to:

• Deterioration of lung function
• Increase in airway inflammation
• Interference in daily activities
• Weakness
• Hospitalization during severe attacks

Asthma can be managed with medications. Medications vary depending on the severity of symptoms. The medications are administered through inhalers or nebulizers. The medication through tablets helps manage the condition.

Medication

Inhaled short-acting beta-2-agonists: Quick relief inhalators reduces the symptoms like shortness of breath. Usually prescribed for quick relief of symptoms.

Albuterol . Terbutaline

Inhaled steroids: Help in reducing the airway inflammation. Usually given for severe symptoms.

Fluticasone . Budesonide

Inhaled long-acting beta-2-agonists: Help in dilation of airways. Usually prescribed for chronic condition.

Formoterol . Salmeterol

Leukotriene-modifying agents: Help in both dilation of airways and reducing inflammation. For managing symptoms.

Zafirlukast . Zileuton

Xanthines: Help in dilation of airways. Usually prescribed if sudden shortness of breath occurs.

Theophylline

Beta-2-agonist tablets: Help in dilation of airways.

Levalbuterol . Metaproterenol

IL-4 antagonist: Reduces inflammation of airways. Usually given in moderate to severe cases.

Reslizumab

Steroid tablets: Help in reducing the airway inflammation. Usually given in severe uncontrolled cases.

Prednisone . Beclomethasone dipropionate

IL-5 antagonist: Reduces inflammation of airways. Usually given in severe uncontrolled cases.

Mepolizumab

IL-5 receptor antagonist: Reduces inflammation of airways. Usually given in severe uncontrolled cases.

Benralizumab