why does hypothyroidism cause galactorrhea - Search
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  1. Galactorrhea - Causes

    Verified Expert

    • This can occur in both men and women. Exact cuase is not known but associated with excess prolactin hormone which could be due to:
    • Medications such as sedatives, antidepressants and blood pressure drugs
    • Cocaine and marijuana
    • Problems in the pituitary gland such as presence of tumor
    • Pregnancy
    • Birth control pills
    • Herbal supplements such as fennel, anise, fenugreek seed
    • Underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism
    • Chronic kidney disease
    • Excessive breast stimulation which may be associated with sexual activity

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    Complications

    Verified Expert

    In rare cases, complications may include:

    • Tenderness in the breasts
    • Intense pain in the breast
    • Untreated hyperprolactinemia can increase risk of osteoporosis

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    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    The discharge of milk or milk-like secretion may:

    • Be persistent or intermittent
    • Be scanty or abundant
    • Involve multiple milk ducts
    • Leak spontaneously or be manually expressed
    • Be seen in one or both breasts

    Other associated symptoms may include:

    • Absent or irregular menstrual periods
    • Headaches
    • Vision Problems
    • Decreased sex drive
    • Acne

    See more
    Is galactorrhoea a symptom of primary hypothyroidism?
    In patients with primary hypothyroidism galactorrhoea is a rare feature as compared with the typical symptoms such as easy fatigability, weight gain and cold intolerance. However, case reports are there which documents that primary hypothyroidism can present only with galactorrhoea and pituitary mass (16).
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    The doctor does a physical exam, reviews symptoms and then orders tests.

    Common tests & procedures

    Physical examination: The doctor checks for breast lumps and may also express some fluid from the nipples by examining the surrounding area.

    Blood test: To check the level of prolactin and thyroid hormones in the blood.

    Pregnancy test: To rule out pregnancy as the cause of discharge.

    Mammogram: Provides image of the breast tissue to rule out any other conditions like presence of tumour.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI of the brain is performed to check for abnormalities in the pituitary gland.

    See more
    galactorrhea_en
    Microsoft Start Health

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    The treatment of galactorrhea focuses on resolving the underlying cause. Many times it may resolve on its own.

    Medication

    Dopamine receptor agonists: To block the effects of prolactin or lower the amount of prolactin in the body.

    Bromocriptine . Cabergoline

    Hormone therapy: To counter hypothyroidism. Usually recommended if the problem is assoicated with pituitary gland.

    Levothyroxine

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice. | Disclaimer: Opinions are from external health professionals and should not be considered as Microsoft's opinion or a substitute for professional help. Consult a health professional for medical advice.
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    Table of Contents
    Causes
    Complications
    Symptoms
    Is galactorrhoea a symptom of primary hypothyroidism?
    Diagnosis
    Health guide
    Treatment
     

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  2. In hypothyroidism, low levels of thyroid hormone result in elevated thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels, which stimulate lactotrophs, thus leading to hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. Galactorrhea and symptoms of hypothyroidism are addressed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

    Galactorrhea - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/galactorrhea
    www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/galactorrhea
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  3. People also ask
    What causes galactorrhea in primary hypothyroidism?
    The mechanism(s) of galactorrhea observed in primary hypothyroidism is unknown, but due to recent advances in neuroen- docrinology it should now be possible to clarify this question.

    Primary Hypothyroidism and Galactorrhea - The American Journal of M…

    amjmed.com
    What causes hypothyroidism?

    Dr. Dency Chacko

    Doctor of Medicine (MBBS) · 9 years of exp

    Hypothyroidism is a medical term used when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This may be due to a number of factors. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis (when a person's immune system fights against their own thyroid). Iodine deficiency used to be a common cause in certain parts of the world, but this is no longer the case due to the consumption of iodine-rich salts.
    Q&A: Hypothyroidism
    bing.com
    Is galactorrhoea a symptom of primary hypothyroidism?
    In patients with primary hypothyroidism galactorrhoea is a rare feature as compared with the typical symptoms such as easy fatigability, weight gain and cold intolerance. However, case reports are there which documents that primary hypothyroidism can present only with galactorrhoea and pituitary mass (16).

    Galactorrhoea:Report of Two Cases - PMC - National Center for

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    What causes galactorrhea?
    Possible causes of galactorrhea include: Medicines, such as certain sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics and high blood pressure drugs. Opioid use. Herbal supplements, such as fennel, anise or fenugreek seed. Birth control pills. A noncancerous pituitary tumor, called prolactinoma, or other conditions of the pituitary gland.

    Galactorrhea - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

    mayoclinic.org
    Is galactorrhoea associated with hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinaemia?
    Literature documents the association of galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea, primary hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinaemia (10). However, galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea, and hy per - prolactinaemia may be present in patients who are clinically euthyroid and have nor mal concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and basal thyroid stimulating hormone (11).

    Galactorrhoea:Report of Two Cases - PMC - National Center for

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    What causes galactorrhea in men and babies?
    But galactorrhea can happen in men and babies. Excessive breast stimulation, medicine side effects or conditions of the pituitary gland all may contribute to galactorrhea. Often, galactorrhea results from increased levels of prolactin, the hormone that stimulates milk production. Sometimes, the cause of galactorrhea can't be determined.

    Galactorrhea - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

    mayoclinic.org
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  4. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Galactorrhea - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

     
  5. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115

    Galactorrhea - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National …

    Aug 14, 2023 · Hypothyroidism: Elevated levels of TRH in hypothyroidism can stimulate the lactotrophs resulting in hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. Medications: Several medications can cause hyperprolactinemia and …

  6. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-

    Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic

  7. AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0601/p1073.pdf
    [PDF]

    Evaluation and Management of Galactorrhea - AAFP

  8. The American Journal of Medicine
    https://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343(77)90275-3/pdf
    [PDF]

    Primary Hypothyroidism and Galactorrhea - The American …

  9. MedicineNet
    https://www.medicinenet.com/what_do…

    What Do You Do If You Have Galactorrhea? Causes …

    Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can be treated with synthetic thyroid hormones to maintain the proper thyroid hormone balance. Hypothyroidism symptoms and signs include fatigue, weight gain, lethargy, and constipation.

  10. AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/.../2022/1200/gala…

    Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

    Galactorrhea is more often the result of hyperprolactinemia caused by medication use or pituitary microadenomas, and less often hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, pituitary ...

  11. AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0601/p1073-s1.html

    Galactorrhea (Milk Discharge) - AAFP

  12. familydoctor.org
    https://familydoctor.org/condition/galact…

    Galactorrhea - familydoctor.org

    Nov 4, 2024 · Treatment depends on the cause of galactorrhea. Benign tumors can be treated with medicine or surgery. Medicine can help if your body is producing too much of a hormone, such as prolactin. It also helps treat …

  13. Healthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/gala…

    Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and …

    Oct 27, 2018 · Male hypogonadism refers to having low testosterone. This is one of the more common causes of galactorrhea in males. It can also cause gynecomastia, which enlarges the breasts.

  14. ScienceDirect
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/.../galactorrhea

    Galactorrhea - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

  15. nih.gov
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7605301

    Role of hypothyroidism and associated pathways in pregnancy …

  16. PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36521467

    Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review - PubMed

  17. Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/...

    Galactorrhea - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

  18. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK507829

    Physiology, Prolactin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

  19. Paloma Health
    https://www.palomahealth.com/learn/leaky-breasts-hypothyroidism

    Leaky Breasts and Hypothyroidism - Paloma Health

  20. racgp.org.au
    https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/june/hyperpro...

    RACGP - Hyperprolactinaemia and galactorrhoea

  21. AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/1200/galactorrhea.pdf
    [PDF]

    Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review - AAFP

  22. PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962879

    Evaluation and management of galactorrhea - PubMed

  23. The Merck Manuals
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/.../galactorrhea

    Quick Facts:Galactorrhea - Merck Manual Consumer Version

  24. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5327809

    Galactorrhoea:Report of Two Cases - PMC - National Center for ...