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The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. [ 1 ] They provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta .

Trophoblast (derived from the Greek word “tropho,” meaning to feed) is the epithelial cell in the placenta, a transient organ which plays a pivotal role in fetal growth and development during pregnancy [1]. Trophoblast are derived from trophectoderm (TE), the cells on the outer part of the blastocyst-stage embryo.

A useful component of current placentation and trophoblast research are a number of trophoblast cell lines that have been derived from a number of different sources including term placenta, choriocarcinomas and transformation of primary isolated cells.

The trophoblast originates from the trophectoderm (see below) and differentiates into multiple specialized trophoblast subpopulations and phenotypes. They either differentiate into polar cells serving typical epithelial functions, or into apolar invasive cells that remodel and adapt the maternal uterine wall to progressing pregnancy.

Trophoblast Function. Trophoblasts play an important role in embryo implantation and interaction with the endometrium of the maternal uterus following decidualization. The trophoblast is composed of two layers: an inner cytotrophoblast and an outer syncytiotrophoblast.

Trophoblast differentiation is influenced by epigenetic modifications . Trophoblast cells are globally hypomethylated compared to the inner cell mass, and DNA methylation of the transcription factor Elf5 controls the lineage fate of cells within the early blastocyst.

Our present view regarding key regulators of human trophoblast development is based on their expression patterns in the placenta and a few functional studies in isolated primary trophoblast, villous explant cultures and trophoblast cell lines .

Oct 30, 2023 · Trophoblast Trophoblast Cells lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (placenta).

The blastomere cells in the blastocyst are arranged into an outer layer called the trophoblast. The inner cells of the trophoblast are termed inner cell mass. Later, the trophoblast gets attached to the endometrium of the uterus.

Mar 29, 2023 · We use the complete in vivo trophoblast trajectory to benchmark current PTOs and TSCs in vitro trophoblast models and demonstrate that they faithfully recapitulate EVT differentiation.