The basic principles behind optical waveguides can be described using the concepts of geometrical or ray optics, as illustrated in the diagram.
Light passing into a medium with higher refractive in… See more

Perhaps the simplest optical waveguide is the dielectric slab waveguide, also called a planar waveguide. Owing to their simplicity, slab waveguides are often used as toy models but also find application in on-chip devices like … See more

A strip waveguide is basically a strip of the layer confined between cladding layers. The simplest case is a rectangular waveguide, which is formed when the guiding layer of the slab waveguide is restricted i… See more