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  1. Pangolin armor: Overlapping, structure, and mechanical …

    • The pangolin has a flexible dermal armor consisting of overlapping keratinous scales. Although they show potential for bioinspired flexible armor, the design principles of pangolin armor are barely known. H… See more

    1. Introduction

    Nature offers a plethora of structures with remarkable efficiency (performance per unit … See more

    ScienceDirect
    2. Materials and experimental procedures

    2.1. Materials
    Typical scales from ground pangolins found in southern Asia, Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla), and from typical arboreal pangolins i… See more

    ScienceDirect
    3. Results and discussion

    3.1. Scale overlapping mechanism
    The architectural arrangement of overlapping scales shows interesting features, and the Chinese and African tree pangolin sc… See more

    ScienceDirect
    4. Conclusions

    The distinct structural features and mechanical properties of pangolin scales, a unique protection strategy for a mammal, are uncovered in the present work focused on underst… See more

    ScienceDirect
    Acknowledgement

    The authors sincerely thank Scott Tremor, Mammalogist, at the San Diego Natural History Museum for providing pangolin scales for the current research. A special gratitude g… See more

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  2. Pangolin scales are hard keratinous tissues which are among the toughest biological materials, according to the Ashby map. The pangolin is the only known mammal with this distinguishing adaptation: overlapping scales covering the body as flexible dermal armor.
    Author: Bin Wang, Wen Yang, Wen Yang, Vincent R. Sherman, Marc A. Meyers
    Publish Year: 2016
    www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174270611630246X
    www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174270611630246X
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  4. How the Pangolin Got Its Scales – A Genetic Just-So …

    Oct 20, 2016 · Pangolins are the only placental mammals with keratin scales that cover their bodies. Their genomes reveal how these scales replaced part of their immune response and how they evolved from hairy ancestors.

     
  5. How tough is a pangolin's keratin scale armor?

    Dec 6, 2020 · Pangolins are covered with scales made of keratin—yes, just like a rhino’s horn. Also called “scaly anteaters,” they are the only mammals we know of that possess this feature. This keratin armor is reportedly so tough that even a …

  6. Scales Provide Flexible, Strong Protection - AskNature

    Feb 12, 2021 · Pangolin scales have a number of traits that help them provide strong and durable protection for their owner. Starting at the micro-level, they are made up of three distinct layers of flat, elliptical keratin-rich cells.

  7. Pangolin armor: Overlapping, structure, and mechanical …

  8. Internal structure of scaly armor enables bite …

    Mar 30, 2018 · In this study, we have examined the protective characteristics of pangolin scales by studying their fracture toughness (i.e., the amount of energy required to propagate a crack in the pangolin scale).

  9. Structure and mechanical behaviors of protective armored …

  10. A review of terrestrial, aerial and aquatic keratins: the structure …

  11. A Comparison of Keratin Use in Pangolin, Reptile, and …

    Pangolin scales are made of three different layers, all made of keratinized scales. Moreover, the unique layout of their scales ensures protection from any predator. Pangolin scales can be healed from damages inflicted by predators …

  12. The Curious Case of Pangolin Scales - Pangolin …

    Sep 9, 2021 · The most distinctive feature of pangolins are their scales. Each scale is composed of keratin, the same protein found in human hair and fingernails, as well as rhino horns and lion claws. As the only mammal …

  13. Pangolin facts and photos - National Geographic Kids

  14. Pangolin armor: Overlapping, structure, and mechanical …

  15. Structure and mechanical behaviors of protective armored …

  16. Pangolin armor: Overlapping, structure, and mechanical …

  17. Pangolin | Species | WWF - World Wildlife Fund

  18. 13 Pangolin Facts About The Scaly Mammals - TRVST

  19. Pangolin facts and information - National Geographic

  20. These odd, scaled mammals are the most poached in the world …

  21. Up to 2.7 million pangolins are poached every year for scales and …

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