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  1. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    • Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier charcoal-fueled process, conducted in a finery forge. The need for puddling Pig iron contains much free carbon and is brittle. Before it can be used, and b… See more

    Overview

    Puddling is the process of converting pig iron to bar (wrought) iron in a coal fired reverberatory furnace. It was developed … See more

    Process

    The process begins by preparing the puddling furnace. This involves bringing the furnace to a low temperature and then fettling it. Fettling is the process of painting the grate and walls around it with iron oxides, typi… See more

    Puddled steel

    In the late 1840s, the German chemist Franz Anton Lohage [de] developed a modification of the puddling process to produce not iron but steel at the Haspe Iron Works in Hagen; it was subsequently commercial… See more

    Puddling furnace

    The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming int… See more

    Footnotes

    Sources
    • Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Pres… See more

    Further reading

    • W. K. V. Gale, Iron and Steel (Longmans, London 1969), 55ff.
    • W. K. V. Gale, The British Iron and Steel Industry: a technical history (David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1967), 62–66.… See more

     
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  2. Puddlers, Shinglers & Rollers: the Story of Malleable Iron

     
  3. Puddling: a metallurgical perspective | Historical Metallurgy

  4. The Legacy of Puddled Iron in Contemporary Metallurgy

    The inception of puddled iron traces back to the late 18th century, with Henry Cort, an English inventor and metalworker, being the brainchild behind this revolutionary technique. Cort patented his process in 1784, significantly …

  5. Puddling process | Iron Smelting, Refining & Casting | Britannica

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  7. Puddling Steel, Technique and History of | SpringerLink

  8. Puddling (metallurgy) - chemeurope.com

  9. Puddling: A New Look at an Old Process - J-STAGE

  10. What is Puddling? - AllTheScience

    May 21, 2024 · Puddling is a metallurgical process which was used during the Industrial Revolution as a means of making iron and steel. It is used by subjecting pig iron or any other impure metal to intense heat and frequent stirring inside a …

  11. So Your Ancestor Worked in the Iron Industry? - CultureNL …

  12. Puddling Europe - Inventing Europe

  13. Puddling Steel - SpringerLink

  14. Puddling (metallurgy) - History - LiquiSearch

  15. Puddling process - (Honors World History) - Fiveable

  16. Wrought Iron - The Small Workshop

  17. Puddled Steel - Graces Guide

  18. The Puddler - The Melting Pot

  19. What is Puddling Furnace? Unlock the Ancient Art of Metal ...

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