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  1. Department of Environmental Affairs
    https://www.dffe.gov.za › ... › economicsof_ecosystems_spatialplanning_enviroassessment.pdf
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    6 SPATIAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL …

    Are environmental and nature conservation related to spatial planning?
    The indicated issues relate to a separate issue, i.e., linking environmental and nature conservation with spatial planning, regardless of the effective operation of other environmental tools .
    researchgate.net
    Integrating ecosystem services in spatial planning an…

    Over the last decade, the ecosystem service (ES) approach has gained increasing attention because it offers important advantages for enhancing decision-making. However, a key and remaining challenge is how to implement this approach in real-world decision problems. This challenge is particularly relevant for governance and policy instruments, such as spatial planning and strategic environmental assessment (SEA), where including the ES a…

    Over the last decade, the ecosystem service (ES) approach has gained increasing attention because it offers important advantages for enhancing decision-making. However, a key and remaining challenge is how to implement this approach in real-world decision problems. This challenge is particularly relevant for governance and policy instruments, such as spatial planning and strategic environmental assessment (SEA), where including the ES approach is recognized as a great opportunity for achieving sustainable development goals. Consequently, this opinion paper proposes the use of the ES cascade model, as the basis to develop a framework that makes explicit the links among development objectives, sustainability goals, and the overall dependency on the ES supply. The main reflections address the need for a collaborative work between policy and science as a cross-cutting aspect for an interactive, participative and transparent research process that allows 1) the development of spatial indicators of ecosystem structures, 2) valuation and spatial modeling of ES, 3) identification of benefits and networks of actors, 4) the definition of values and, 5) generation of scenarios for a trade-off assessment of development alternatives. Finally, in addition to the information and knowledge generation regarding multi-scale relationships of the different components of the ES cascade, real-world evidence is urgently needed.

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    ScienceDirect

    Ecosystem services

    Spatial planning

    Strategic environmental assessment

    Cascade model

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    Over the last decade, the ecosystem service (ES) approach has gained increasing attention because its rationality presents important advantages for enhancing environmental planning and decision-making processes. A key aspect convincing for many actors is that human well-being is the central component of the approach, thus it allows moving beyond the purely economic and monetary perspective by also including health, social relations, indigenous and local knowledge and perceptions (Potschin-Young et al., 2018; Tengö et al., 2017). The approach effectively documents and communicates the human-system dependency on ecosystems (La Notte et al., 2017), and thus, facilitates collaborative work among different actors from a range of disciplines or socio-cultural backgrounds (Fürst et al., 2013). Therefore, from an integrated perspective, the ES approach concretizes the notion of social-ecological systems (SES) as a fundamental view to reflect human-nature relationships (Anderies et al., 2004).

    The potential of the ES approach for supporting strategic decisions has increased rapidly the number of scientific works and analyses of planning and policy documents (Cortinovis and Geneletti, 2018), as well as the development of guidelines by international organizations such as IUCN (Neugarten et al., 2018), UNEP (UNEP, 2014) and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversi…

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    Territorial development is understood as a process of social construction of the environment, driven by geographical conditions, multiple interactions of different actors, economic, technological, socio-political, cultural and environmental forces present in a certain territory (FAO, 2018). Spatial planning aims to coordinate these human activities and their impacts on land systems under a SES perspective and a sustainability focus. There are two fundamental aspects that need to be considered as analytical basis 1) ecosystems and biodiversity, under a perspective of landscape structure and patterns (Almenar et al., 2018) and 2) human well-being. Both are critical components in the “chain of production” from ecosystem structures and processes to human well-being (Spangenberg et al., 2014). These aspects are the basis of the cascade model proposed by Haines-Young and Potschin (2010), which is a simplified representation of a pathway that starts from 1) ecosystem structures and processes present in a territory such as patch shape, diversity of plants and animals, and all the interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of a specific place (Vihervaara et al., 2018; Wu and Li, 2019), 2) ecosystem functions, defined as the ecological interactions of the components of an ecosystem over time, which have the potential to provide ecosystem services (de Groot et al., 2010; La Notte et al., 2017; van Oudenhoven et al., 2012), 3) ecosystem services supply, understood as the actual contribution in terms of …

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    Spatial planning is a key policy instrument, whose decisions over the land system have clear and direct effects on the supply of a range of ES. Thus, for an effective ES integration in SEA there are at least four open challenges related to: scoping, scale issues, trade-offs, and indicators (Geneletti, 2011). For all of these, progress has been made during the last years (see for instance: http://www.teebweb.org, http://www.aboutvalues.net, https://www.ipbes.net). However, the issue of indicators still presents a critical challenge since they are the core for analytical work by decision-makers and practitioners, and at the same time they are essential for understanding and communication to the society. The proposed framework of integrating ES in spatial planning and SEA builds on previous efforts such as those presented by Geneletti (2011), Mascarenhas et al. (2015), Partidario and Gomes (2013) and Rozas-Vásquez et al. (2018). However, it innovates by including the ES cascade as a common source of information from the SES, which has the potential to provide inputs for both processes.

    Consequently, we argue that a crucial next step for exploring these potential interactions in relation to the biophysical, social, cultural and economic components of the ES cascade is the development of a set of spatial indicators. Diehl et al. (2016) point out that the ES approach might improve the performa…

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