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Seed plant, any of the more than 300,000 species of seed-bearing vascular plants. Although the taxonomic division Spermatophyta is no longer accepted, the term ‘spermatophyte’ is used to refer collectively to the angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Apr 12, 2025 · Seed, the characteristic reproductive body of both angiosperms and gymnosperms. Essentially, a seed consists of a miniature undeveloped plant (the embryo), which, alone or in the company of stored food, is surrounded by a protective coat. Learn more about seed characteristics, dispersal, and germination.

Plant reproductive system - Seeds, Pollination, Fertilization: In the two great groups of seed plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms, the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, as it is also in the vascular cryptogams; the gametophytes are microscopic parasites on …

Apr 21, 2025 · The angiosperms are vascular seed plants in which the ovule (egg) is fertilized and develops into a seed in an enclosed hollow ovary. The ovary itself is usually enclosed in a flower, that part of the angiospermous plant that contains the male or female reproductive organs or both.

Apr 17, 2025 · When such a megasporangium is enclosed in a seed coat, the structure with its enclosed embryo is called a seed. Seeds of the earliest such plants were exposed to the external environment; those “naked seed” plants are referred to as gymnosperms.

A seed contains a miniature plant, called an embryo, that can develop into a fully grown plant. The outer shell of a seed, called a seed coat, protects the embryo. Inside the seed a nutritious material provides food to the embryo.

Mar 12, 2025 · Gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule—unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally ‘naked seeds’) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.

Cotyledon, seed leaf within the embryo of a seed. Cotyledons help supply the nutrition an embryo needs to germinate and become established as a photosynthetic seedling and may themselves be a source of nutritional reserves or may aid the embryo …

Mar 28, 2025 · Germination, the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive body, usually after a period of dormancy. The absorption of water, the passage of time, chilling, warming, oxygen availability, and light exposure may all operate in initiating the process.

Apr 17, 2025 · Unlike ferns, however, the seed plants have stems that branch laterally and vascular tissue that is arranged in strands (bundles) around the pith (eustele). Among seed plants, as in ferns, the stem tissues that arise directly from the shoot apex are called primary tissues. Primary tissues contribute to the longitudinal growth of the stem, or ...