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    Overview - Thoracic outlet syndrome

    Verified Expert
    Also known as: TOS
    A group of disorders that result in pain in the shoulder and neck due to compression of nerves or blood vessels below the neck.
    How common is condition?
    Rare (Fewer than 200,000 cases per year in US)
    Is condition treatable?
    Treatable by a medical professional
    Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
    Often requires lab test or imaging
    Time taken for recovery
    Can last several years or be lifelong
    Condition Highlight
    More common in females
    See more

    Causes

    Verified Expert

    • The causes include:
    • An extra rib which compresses surrounding blood vessels
    • Poor posture
    • Severe accident causing internal changes
    • Overuse of arm and shoulder
    • Obesity can also play a major role in increased pressure
    • Pregnancy is sometimes also responsible for thoracic outlet syndrome as joints loosen during Pregnancy

    See more

    Symptoms

    Verified Expert
    Contact your provider if experiencing new, severe, or persistent symptoms.

    Signs and symptoms vary according to the type of thoracic outlet syndrome.

    • Pain in neck, shoulder or arm
    • Numbness or tingling in arms or fingers
    • Muscle wasting in the fleshy base of thumb
    • Weakening grip
    • Dislocation of hand
    • Arm Pain with swelling
    • Lack of color (pallor) in fingers or entire arm
    • Cold fingers, hand or arms
    • Weak or no pulse in the affected arm
    • Throbbing lump near collarbone
    • Arm fatigue

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    What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
    Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of conditions in which there's pressure on blood vessels or nerves in the area between the neck and shoulder. This space is known as the thoracic outlet. Compression of the blood vessels and nerves can cause shoulder and neck pain. It also can cause numbness in the fingers.
    mayoclinic.org

    Treatment

    Verified Expert

    Physical therapy is used to treat the condition. Medication and surgery might be needed in some cases.

    Medication

    Anti-inflammatory drugs: Helps to reduce inflammation or swelling.

    Ibuprofen . Indometacin . Ketoprofen . Mefenamic acid . Meloxicam . Nabumetone . Naproxen . Sulindac

    Muscle relaxants: Eases muscle cramps and pain.

    Baclofen . Dantrolene . Tizanidine

    Clot dissolving medication: Helps to dissolve blood clots.

    Warfarin . Heparin . Lovenox

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    Diagnosis

    Verified Expert
    One or more of these tests may be recommended by your medical provider.
    Diagnosis is challenging because of how varied the severity and symptoms.

    Common tests & procedures

    Provocation test: Doctor may ask you to move your arm and shoulder to identify the cause.

    X-ray: Helps in detecting if there is any extra rib.

    Ultrasound: Done to check for vascular thoracic outlet syndrome or other vascular problems.

    CT scan: To get the cross-sectional image of the required area.

    Arteriogram and Venogram: This helps in detecting compressed vein or artery. In case if there is a clot it will be removed during the procedure.

    Electromyography (EMG): Helps to observe the electrical activity of muscles.

    Nerve conduction studies: To detect if there are any nerve damages.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Helps identify the location and cause of blood vessel compression.

    See more
    Source: Focus Medica. For informational purposes only. Consult a medical professional for advice.
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