• The Library of Alexandria was destroyed during the Palmyrene invasion of Egypt and the following Roman counterattack during the 3rd century AD.
• In the late 12th century, Sultan Al-Aziz Uthman demolished part of the Pyramid of Menkaure.
• The Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was heavily damaged by earthquakes in the 10th and 14th centuries, before being demolished in 1480 to make way for the Citadel of Qaitbay. Some stones from the lighthouse were used in the construction of the citadel, and some other remains have survived underwater.
• Villa Aghion, a modernist villa built by Auguste Perret in Alexandria was demolished for redevelopment by its owners in 2014.
• A rock-cut portion of the Temple of Gerf Hussein, flooded by Lake Nasser.
• Objects have been stolen from the Mosque of Taghribirdi and Al-Rifa'i Mosque.
• Institut d'Égypte was destroyed on 17 December 2011 during anti-government demonstrations of the Arab Spring. It reopened in December 2012.
• During the 2011 Libyan Civil War, various sites were vandalized, looted, or destroyed.
• The Islamic State completely destroyed the tomb of Zuhayr ibn Qays, located at the As-Sahabah Mosque in Derna, in 2012 and May 2014.
• In March 2015, during the second civil war, the Islamic State destroyed Sufi shrines near Tripoli.
• In November 1995, a fire broke out in the Rova of Antananarivo, a royal palace complex that had served as the home of monarchs in the Merina Kingdom since the 17th century. The fire destroyed or severely damaged all of its buildings. The last two reconstruction phases of the Manjakamiadana (commonly referred to as the Queen's Palace for Queen Ranavalona I. ) were started in 2010, and by July 2020 the entire structure had been fully refurbished.
• The Great Mosque of Djenne fell into disrepair after the conquest of Djenne by Seku Amadu in 1818. It was rebuilt in 1907.
• Parts of the World Heritage Site of Timbuktu were destroyed after the Battle of Gao in 2012, despite condemnation by UNESCO, the OIC, Mali, and France.
• During the 18th–19th century Fula jihads of West Africa, Fula jihadists destroyed Ngazargamu, the capital of the Bornu Empire.
• During the Battle of Gawakuke, the Sokoto Caliphate destroyed the Hausa city-state of Gobir.

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• Sulejman Pasha Mosque, the dome and mosque were destroyed during World War II, while its minaret remained until 1967, when the communist regime of Enver Hoxha built a war memorial in its place.
• Vienna's Cathedral of St. Stephen was severely damaged by fire in 1945, towards the end of the Second World War. Incendiary bombs and shelling had set the roof on fire, and the cathedral's original larch girders, said to be made from an entire forest of larches, were destroyed, as were the Rollinger choir stalls, carved in 1487. The building was rebuilt soon after the war.
• The Palace of Coudenberg in Brussels burned down in 1731 and its ruins were demolished half a century later.
• Many churches and abbeys were demolished during the French occupation in the late 18th century, amongst them the St. Lambert's Cathedral in Liège, the St. Donatian's Cathedral and Eekhout Abbey in Bruges, Florennes Abbey in Florennes, and St. Michael's Abbey in Antwerp.
• The Herkenrode Abbey in Hasselt survived the French Revolution, but subsequently fell into disrepair. In 1826 a fire destroyed much of the church, and the remaining ruins were demolished in 1844.
• On 25 August 1914, during World War I, the university library of Leuven was destroyed by the Germans against the backdrop of other war crimes. 230,000 volumes were lost, including medieval and Renaissance manuscripts and more than 1,000 incunabula. After the war, a new library was built. During World War II, the new building was again set on fire and nearly a million books were lost.
• During World War I, the city of Ypres was destroyed, including its Town Hall and Cloth Hall. These monuments were later rebuilt.
• The Maison du Peuple in Brussels, one of the largest works of architect Victor Horta, was demolished in 1965 to make way for an office building. The surviving buildings designed by Horta were declared UNESCO World Heritage in 2000.
• Château Miranda, a 19th-century neo-Gothic castle in Celles was demolished in 2016–17.
• The Valemprez farm, a 13th-century farmhouse rebuilt in the 18th century in Dottignies, was demolished in 2008
• Through the course of the Bosnian War, numerous sites of cultural and religious heritage were destroyed:
• In the Independent State of Croatia 450 Serb Orthodox churches and monasteries were destroyed along with monumental iconostasis, thousands of icons and number of manuscripts and books which included archival books about births, weddings and deaths. The destroyed ritual items were …

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• Several Maya sites such as San Estevan and Nohmul have been partly demolished. This has been done by contractors to illegally extract gravel for roadworks.
• The 1620 Colony of Avalon was destroyed in 1696 in the Siege of Ferryland during King William's War.
• In 1696, the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in St. John's, Newfoundland, was destroyed by the French under the command of Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville. The present cathedral was extensively damaged in The Great Fire of 1892.
• The 1754 St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) was destroyed by fire in 1857 and rebuilt.
• In January 1839, St. James Anglican Church in Toronto was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt as St. James Cathedral by December 1839. This building was destroyed by another fire in 1849 and replaced by the current structure, the Cathedral Church of St. James, in 1853.
• Brock's Monument was heavily damaged after a bombing on 17 April 1840 and subsequently demolished; the monument was rebuilt in 1859.
• On the night of 25 April 1849, the Canadian Parliament buildings in Montreal were set ablaze by Loyalist rioters. The resulting fire consumed the Parliament's two libraries, parts of the archives of Upper Canada and Lower Canada, as well as more recent public documents. Over 23,000 volumes, forming the collections of the two parliamentary libraries, were lost.
• Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal) was rebuilt in 1859, replacing the previous structure destroyed in a fire in 1856.
• The 1665 Fort William in St. John's, Newfoundland, was demolished in 1881 to make room for the Newfoundland Railway.
• The 1881 St. James Anglican Church (Vancouver) was destroyed by a fire in 1886 and only rebuilt after 1935 (completed in 1937).
• Knox Presbyterian Church (Toronto) was severely damaged by fire in 1895 and eventually relocated in 1909.
• Crystal Palace (Montreal) was destroyed by fire in 1896.
• Centre Block of Parliament Hill in Ottawa was destroyed by fire on 3 February 1916, and immediately rebuilt.
• The Church of Nativité-de-la-Sainte-Vierge-d'Hochelaga was rebuilt in 1921 after fire destroyed the original 1877 church.
• Montreal City Hall was gutted by fire in 1922 and rebuilt by 1932.
• Church of the Ascension (Windsor, Ontario) was destroyed by fire in 1926 (rebuilt in 1927) and again in 1990 (repaired the same year).

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