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- There is no exact solution for the two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with non-zero external field1. However, in 1941, Kramers and Wannier located the critical point of the 2D Ising model at finite temperature using the dual transformation, and later Onsager solved the 2D Ising model exactly using an algebraic approach2.Learn more:✕This summary was generated using AI based on multiple online sources. To view the original source information, use the "Learn more" links.There is no an exact solution to three-dimensional (3D) finite-size Ising model (referred to as the Ising model hereafter for simplicity) and even two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with non-zero external field to our knowledge.arxiv.org/abs/1805.01366In 1941, Kramers and Wannier located the critical point of the two-dimensional (2D) Ising model at finite temperature by employing the dual transformation [ 3 ]. About two and a half years later Onsager solved the exactly 2D Ising model using an algebraic approach [ 4] and calculated the thermodynamic properties.www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/10/1837
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