Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which are the foundations of classical mechanics. He also developed the calculus, a mathematical tool for analyzing motion and change.
Galileo is considered the father of modern science and one of the pioneers of classical mechanics. He made significant contributions to the study of motion, kinematics, dynamics, and astronomy. He also performed experiments and observations to test and challenge the Aristotelian physics.
Euler was a prolific mathematician and physicist who developed many concepts and methods in classical mechanics, such as the Euler-Lagrange equation, the Euler equations of motion, the Euler angles, the Euler force, and the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. He also applied classical mechanics to various problems in astronomy, fluid dynamics, optics, and elasticity.
Lagrange was a prominent mathematician and physicist who formulated the principle of least action and the Lagrangian mechanics, which are alternative formulations of classical mechanics that are more general and elegant than Newton's laws. He also solved the problem of the motion of the n-body system and introduced the concept of potential energy.
Hamilton was a distinguished mathematician and physicist who developed the Hamiltonian mechanics, another reformulation of classical mechanics that is based on the principle of conservation of energy and the use of generalized coordinates and momenta. He also discovered the Hamiltonian equations of motion, the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, and the Hamiltonian operator in quantum mechanics.