The word retail comes from the Old French verb tailler, meaning "to cut off, clip, pare, divide in terms of tailoring" (c. 1365). It was first recorded as a noun in 1433 with the meaning of "a sale in small… See more

Retail markets have existed since ancient times. Archaeological evidence for trade, probably involving barter systems, dates back more than… See more

The distinction between "strategic" and "managerial" decision-making is commonly used to distinguish "two phases having different goals and … See more

A retail mix is devised for the purpose of coordinating day-to-day tactical decisions. The retail marketing mix typically consists of six broad decision… See more

Retail formats (also known as retail formulas) influence the consumer's store choice and addresses the consumer's expectations. At its … See more

Retail refers to the activity of selling goods or services directly to consumers or end-users. Some retailers may sell to business customers, and … See more

Two different strands of research have investigated shopper behaviour. One is primarily concerned with shopper motivations. The other stream of research seeks to segment shoppers according to common, shared characteristics. To some extent, these … See more