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  2. Manual scavenging refers to the unsafe and manual removal of raw (fresh and untreated) human excreta from buckets or other containers that are used as toilets or from the pits of simple pit latrines. The safe and controlled emptying of pit latrines, on the other hand, is one component of fecal sludge management.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_scavenging
    Manual scavenging, the removing of human excreta from dry latrines, railroad tracks and sewers by hand, is a caste-based and hereditary occupation form of slavery reserved exclusively for Dalits
    idsn.org/key-issues/manual-scavenging/
    Manual scavenging refers to the practice of manually cleaning, carrying, disposing or handling in any manner, human excreta from dry latrines and sewers. The practise of manual scavenging is linked to India’s caste system where so-called lower castes were expected to perform this job.
    www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analy…
    What is manual scavenging? Manual scavenging is the practice of removing human excreta by hand from sewers or septic tanks. India banned the practice under the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (PEMSR).
    www.insightsonindia.com/2022/03/14/manual-scav…
     
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    What is a manual scavenger?"manual scavenger" means a person engaged in or employed for manually carrying human excreta and the expression "manual scavenging" shall be construed accordingly In 2013, the definition of manual scavenger was expanded to include persons employed in cleaning of septic tanks, open drains and railway tracks. It reads:
    What are the three types of manual scavenging?The International Labor Organization (ILO) distinguishes three forms of manual scavenging: 1) removal of human excrement from public streets and dry latrines, 2) cleaning septic tanks, and 3) cleaning gutters and sewers.
    What is manual scavenging in India?There is a very clear gender division of various types of work that is called manual scavenging in India. The cleaning of dry toilets and carrying the waste to point of disposal is generally done by women, while men are involved in cleaning of septic tanks and sewers.
    How many manual scavengers are there?National Commission for Safai Karamcharis estimates that there are about 67.6 million manual scavengers, 5.4 million dry latrines in urban areas, and 2.4 million dry latrines in rural areas. 2006 National Human Rights Commission tells representatives of state governments to end manual scavenging within six months. 2007
     
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    Manual scavenging - Wikipedia

    Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for "manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or sewer or in a septic tank or a pit". Manual scavengers usually use hand tools such as buckets, brooms and … See more

    Manual scavenging refers to the unsafe and manual removal of raw (fresh and untreated) human excreta from buckets or other containers that are used as toilets or from … See more

    The practice of manual scavenging in India dates back to ancient times. According to the contents of sacred scriptures and other literature, … See more

    Despite the passage of two pieces of legislation, the prevalence of manual scavenging is an open secret. According to the See more

    Legislation
    In the late 1950s, freedom fighter G. S. Lakshman Iyer banned manual scavenging when he was the chairman of Gobichettipalayam Municipality, which became the first local body to ban it officially. Sanitation … See more

    Manual emptying of toilets also took place in Europe. Historically the excreta was known as night soil and in Tudor England the workers were called gong farmers.
    In Pakistan … See more

     
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  5. Cleaning Human Waste : "Manual Scavenging," …

    WebAug 25, 2014 · Manual scavenging is the practice of manually cleaning human excrement from dry toilets and open drains, often by people from …

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