The Helmholtz free energy is defined as
• F is the Helmholtz free energy (sometimes also called A, particularly in the field of chemistry) (SI: joules, CGS: ergs),
• U is the internal energy of the system (SI: joules, CGS: ergs), See more

A system kept at constant volume, temperature, and particle number is described by the canonical ensemble. The probability of finding … See more

The Helmholtz free energy function for a pure substance (together with its partial derivatives) can be used to determine all other thermodynamic properties for the substance. See, for … See more

• Gibbs free energy and thermodynamic free energy for thermodynamics history overview and discussion of free energy
• See more

The laws of thermodynamics are only directly applicable to systems in thermal equilibrium. If we wish to describe phenomena like … See more

Computing the free energy is an intractable problem for all but the simplest models in statistical physics. A powerful approximation … See more

Hinton and Zemel "derive an objective function for training auto-encoder based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle". "The description length of an input vector using a particular code is the sum of the code cost and reconstruction cost. They define … See more