The word retail comes from the Old French verb tailler, meaning "to cut off, clip, pare, divide in terms of tailoring" (c. 1365). It was first recorded as a noun in 1433 with the meaning of "a sale in small quantities" from the See more

Retail markets have existed since ancient times. Archaeological evidence for trade, probably involving barter systems, dates back more than 10,000 years. As civilizations grew, … See more

The distinction between "strategic" and "managerial" decision-making is commonly used to distinguish "two phases having different goals and … See more

A retail mix is devised for the purpose of coordinating day-to-day tactical decisions. The retail marketing mix typically consists of six broad decision layers including product decisions, … See more

Retail formats (also known as retail formulas) influence the consumer's store choice and addresses the consumer's expectations. At its … See more

Retail refers to the activity of selling goods or services directly to consumers or end-users. Some retailers may sell to business customers, and such sales are termed non-retail activity. In some jurisdictions or regions, legal definitions of retail specify that at least 80 per … See more

Two different strands of research have investigated shopper behaviour. One is primarily concerned with shopper motivations. The … See more